Global Energy Network: The Next World Wide Web (at Stanford University)
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New "Internet of Energy” Key to Fighting Climate Change The key to fighting climate change is for the U.S. to take a leadership role in promoting a “new world wide web of electricity,” according to Michael Powers, board member and spokesman for Global Energy Network Institute, a non-profit research and education group based in San Diego. Powers made the comments at Stanford University’s recent conference, “Energy in the Developing World: Working toward a Sustainable Future.” The conference was organized by the Stanford Association for International Development (SAID) and the Graduate School of Business. “By connecting regional electricity grids around the world into a global network, it will be possible to tap new renewable resources and phase out our worst polluting coal-fired power plants,” Powers said.
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Global Energy Network: The Next World Wide Web (at Stanford University)
- 1. Future Energy Development StrategyFuture Energy Development Strategy:: The Global Energy NetworkThe Global Energy Network Emergence of the NextEmergence of the Next ““World Wide Web”World Wide Web”
- 2. International Development:International Development: Statement of NeedStatement of Need • UN World Food Program Report (Feb. 17, 2007) • 850 million people are “hungry or malnourished” • Half of this number are children • 18,000 children die of starvation every single day
- 3. Worldwide Hunger:Worldwide Hunger: 18,000 Children Die Every Day18,000 Children Die Every Day • Undergraduate Students: 6,422 • Graduate Students: 11,325 • Total Enrollment, Stanford 17,747 Compared to Stanford University Student Enrollment
- 4. Concept of Global Energy NetworkConcept of Global Energy Network • Connect regional electricity grids into worldwide energy network
- 5. Concept of Global Energy NetworkConcept of Global Energy Network • Connect regional electricity grids into worldwide energy network
- 6. The Global Energy NetworkThe Global Energy Network • Connect regional electricity grids into worldwide energy network • Connect renewable energy resources (hydro, solar, wind) • Phase out energy generating plants causing greatest pollution •Provide universal access to electricity •2,000 kWh per capita/year
- 7. The Global Energy NetworkThe Global Energy Network •Proposed by Dr. R. Buckminster Fuller, inventor of Geodesic Dome • First suggested at World Game simulation workshops in 1970’s
- 8. Dr. R. Buckminster FullerDr. R. Buckminster Fuller Special Collections, Stanford University LibrarySpecial Collections, Stanford University Library
- 9. World GameWorld Game Simulation WorkshopsSimulation Workshops • Conducted at colleges and corporations in 1970’s • Simulation exercises - opposite of “war games” • War games prepare for war; world games prepare for peace • World Game Objective: • “How can we make the world work… for 100% of humanity… in the shortest possible time… through spontaneous cooperation… without ecological damage or… disadvantage to anyone?” • Highest priority strategy: Global Energy Grid
- 10. The Global Energy Network:The Global Energy Network: Potential BenefitsPotential Benefits • Turn back the clock on global warming • Universal increase in living standards • Reduction in hunger and poverty • Stabilize population growth • Increase in trade, cooperation and peace between nations
- 11. Unique Properties of ElectricityUnique Properties of Electricity • Basis of civilization – access to electricity sets standard of living • Fastest way to balance earth’s “energy accounts” – travels at the speed of light • Can’t be easily stored • Used on a time-sensitive basis (peak vs. off-peak)
- 12. Electricity: Basis of CivilizationElectricity: Basis of Civilization • Developed world: 2,000+ kWh per capita • Developing world: 1,000 – 2,000 kWh per capita • Poverty: Less than 1,000 kWh per capita
- 13. Electricity: Basis of CivilizationElectricity: Basis of Civilization • Current world population 6.5 Billion people • People with no access to electricity: 2 Billion people Billions of People 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 World Population No electricity
- 14. Electricity: Basis of CivilizationElectricity: Basis of Civilization • Clean drinking water and adequate water treatment systems • Refrigeration: stable food supply and medicines • Reduction of disease and infant mortality • Improved standard of living: stable population growth • Correlates with high literacy rate • Stable economy with steady job growth
- 15. Electricity: Supply vs. DemandElectricity: Supply vs. Demand Fastest Way to Balance Earth Energy AccountsFastest Way to Balance Earth Energy Accounts • Earth’s Daily Energy Input: 174,000 Terawatts • Earth’s Daily Energy Needs: 13.4 Terawatts • Every day, Earth receives 12,000 times as much energy as civilization uses
- 16. Electricity: Supply vs. DemandElectricity: Supply vs. Demand Fastest Way to Balance Earth Energy AccountsFastest Way to Balance Earth Energy Accounts • Energy Not Always… • the right kind of energy • at the right place • at the right time… • Not a supply problem, but a distribution problem • Electricity travels at speed of light • Only commodity that can be traded, delivered and used immediately
- 17. Electricity: Time-Sensitive DemandElectricity: Time-Sensitive Demand • Electricity needs change throughout the day • Peak needs only occur briefly during day • Avg needs usually ½ what peak needs are • Baseload needs usually ½ again as small • Large amounts of energy wasted as generating facilities are started and stopped during the day
- 18. Option 1: Power Plants Respond to Peak DemandOption 1: Power Plants Respond to Peak Demand • Power plants produce: • 59% of sulfur dioxide • 18% of nitrogen oxide • 40% of carbon dioxide • Over half use coal
- 19. Option 2: Electricity Energy TransfersOption 2: Electricity Energy Transfers • Bulk power transfer more efficient than transient generation • Over 35% of all energy sold now bulk power transfer
- 20. 24 Time Zones Worldwide24 Time Zones Worldwide
- 21. Electricity Meets Changing Global NeedsElectricity Meets Changing Global Needs
- 22. Electricity Meets Changing Global NeedsElectricity Meets Changing Global Needs
- 23. Electricity Meets Changing Global NeedsElectricity Meets Changing Global Needs
- 24. Energy Transmission Limits?Energy Transmission Limits? • Up until 1930’s, transmission limit was 350 miles
- 25. Electricity Transmission LimitsElectricity Transmission Limits
- 26. Energy Transmission Limits?Energy Transmission Limits? • Up until 1930’s, transmission limit was 350 miles • New technology in 1960’s increased this limit to 1,500 miles
- 27. Electricity Transmission LimitsElectricity Transmission Limits
- 28. Energy Transmission Limits?Energy Transmission Limits? • Up until 1930’s, transmission limit was 350 miles • New technology in 1960’s increased this limit to 1,500 miles • UHV and HVDC technology now allow bulk power transfers of more than 4,300 miles
- 29. Electricity Transmission LimitsElectricity Transmission Limits
- 30. Pacific-Southwest IntertiePacific-Southwest Intertie • High Voltage (500kV) DC Line • Enough power to serve 2-3 million LA households • Completed in 1972, upgraded in 1984 and 2004 • Connects Bonneville hydro power in NW to Southern California • Line extends about 900 miles
- 31. Electric Utility Industry BarriersElectric Utility Industry Barriers • Highly regulated for past 100+ years • Fragmented, regional utility service areas • Little or no incentive to invest in new transmission infrastructure • No over-arching global strategy
- 32. Global Energy Grid: Largely BuiltGlobal Energy Grid: Largely Built
- 33. Asia Pacific Rim ElectricityAsia Pacific Rim Electricity CooperationCooperation • Proposed by Hitachi Research Institute in 1998 • Interconnect Pacific Rim nations with UHV and HVDC lines • Flatten demand curve across multiple time zones • Flatten out seasonal demands between tropical and high-latitude climates
- 34. East-West Energy BridgeEast-West Energy Bridge • Symbolic connection across International Date Line
- 35. East-West Energy BridgeEast-West Energy Bridge • Symbolic connection across International Date Line • Would connect North America with Siberia across the Bering Straits
- 36. East-West Energy BridgeEast-West Energy Bridge • Symbolic connection across International Date Line • Would connect North America with Siberia across the Bering Straits
- 37. East-West Energy BridgeEast-West Energy Bridge • Symbolic connection across International Date Line • Would connect North America with Siberia across the Bering Straits • Connection to Diomede Island midpoint is 26 miles
- 38. East-West Energy BridgeEast-West Energy Bridge • Symbolic connection across International Date Line • Would connect North America with Siberia across the Bering Straits • Connection to Diomede Island midpoint is 26 miles • Leg to Siberian mainland is just 22 miles
- 39. Former Soviet Union Time ZonesFormer Soviet Union Time Zones
- 40. Global Energy Network EndorsementsGlobal Energy Network Endorsements • Walter Cronkite • Al Gore • Boutros Boutros-Ghali • His Holiness Dalai Lama • Rev. Desmond Tutu • Vincente Fox • Jonas Salk • Senator Tim Wirth • Senator Jim Jeffords • Senator Alan Cranston • Dr. Oscar Arias
- 41. Grid-Building in 2006Grid-Building in 2006 • Russia and China agree to interconnect • China also sign deals with Vietnam and Tajikistan • South Korea offers to extend grid into North Korea • Kenya and Ethiopia agree to supply power to each other • Modeled after 12-nation South Africa Power Pool, 14 west Africa nations plan to link their energy grids
- 42. Grid-Building in 2006Grid-Building in 2006 • Lebanon to be linked to regional grid that includes Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Turkey • Same project will join Libya and Iraq • Former enemies Iran and Iraq agreed to build four cross-border power lines • Mexico’s Mesoamerica Initiative plans to integrate energy grids of all of the Central American nations
- 43. Trends Supporting Grid GrowthTrends Supporting Grid Growth Technical • UHV and HVDC technology • Superconducting transmission lines • Zero resistance, zero power loss • “Smart Grid” strategies: • Interactive energy management • Robust data transmission • Real time pricing and communications between producers and consumers • Improved reliability • National Grid Week: April 23-26
- 44. Trends Supporting Grid GrowthTrends Supporting Grid Growth Economical • High risk, cost of plant construction • M/A activity among utility firms • Growth of Distributed Generation • Growth in Renewable Energy
- 45. Micro-Generation: Home SolarMicro-Generation: Home Solar • California Solar Initiative adding thousands of small to medium-size solar energy systems • “Net Metering” Program: • During day, homes spin meter backwards, selling power back to grid •At night, homes “buy back” power sold during the day • Each of these solar homes are new nodes on the energy grid • Electricity connection into house is now a 2-way pipe
- 46. Long-Range ConsequencesLong-Range Consequences • Growth in renewable energy “pro-sumers” • Aggregators seeking contracts on blocks of solar, wind and fuel cell-generated “premium power” • New industry: Hardware and software for energy management and energy transactions • “Peer-to-Peer” energy trading over longer distances • Direct, individual participation in the global economy
- 47. The Energy ChallengeThe Energy Challenge “Where there is no vision, the people perish.” Proverbs 29:18
- 48. The Future Energy VisionThe Future Energy Vision • A homeowner in San Jose will capture kilowatts for sale to a homeowner in Shanghai • Instead of running all of the world’s generators half the time… we will run half the world’s generators all the time. • Successful phase out of fossil fuels • Reversal of climate change • Universal access to electricity… and a reasonable standard of living, world-wide
- 49. Thank You.Thank You. For more information…For more information… www.geni.org